Guide to Spring Onion Farming
What Are Spring Onions, Really?
Spring onions, sometimes called green onions or scallions, are young onions harvested before the bulb fully matures. They’ve got a mild, slightly sweet flavor and are great for salads, stir-fries, and garnishes. Unlike bulb onions, they’re quick to grow and don’t need much space, making them ideal for small farms or backyard plots.
- Picking the Right Variety
There are several types of spring onions, and choosing the right one depends on your climate and purpose. Some popular varieties:
Ishikura – Long white stalk, mild flavor, no bulb.
White Lisbon – Fast-growing and reliable, very common.
Red Beard – A bit more niche, with striking reddish stalks.
Look for seeds from a trusted local supplier, ideally varieties suited for your specific region.
- Preparing the Land
Spring onions love well-drained, fertile soil with plenty of organic matter. Here’s how to prep:
Soil pH: Aim for between 6.0 and 6.8.
Add compost: Mix in well-rotted manure or compost a couple of weeks before planting.
Clear weeds: They don’t compete well early on.
Tilling: Loosen the soil to at least 20cm deep for better root development.
- Planting Time
Spring onions can be grown almost year-round in mild climates. In warmer zones, plant during the cooler months (fall to early spring). In colder areas, wait until the last frost has passed.
How to Plant
Spacing: Sow seeds directly in rows 10–15cm apart. Thin later to 2–3cm between plants.
Depth: Just about 1cm deep.
Watering: Keep the soil moist but not soaked until the seeds germinate (usually 7–14 days).
If transplanting from seedlings, space them 3–5cm apart.
- Watering and Care
Spring onions don’t like to dry out, especially when they’re young. Water consistently—more in dry spells, less when it’s cool or rainy.
Weeding
Stay on top of weeds. These shallow-rooted plants can get overwhelmed easily.
Mulching
A light layer of mulch can help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Fertilizing
You don’t need heavy feeding, but a nitrogen-rich boost every 2–3 weeks helps with leafy growth. Fish emulsion, compost tea, or diluted liquid fertilizer works well.
- Pests and Problems
They’re generally hardy but not immune. Watch out for:
Onion thrips – Tiny insects that cause silver streaks on leaves. Neem oil or insecticidal soap can help.
Downy mildew – Shows up in humid conditions. Good airflow and crop rotation help prevent it.
Root rot – Usually from overwatering or poor drainage.
Avoid planting onions in the same bed as last season. Rotate with legumes or leafy greens to keep the soil healthy.
- Harvesting
You can start pulling spring onions as early as 8 weeks after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
Baby stage: Thin the rows and eat the early ones.
Mature stage: When the base starts to thicken and the tops are about 30–40cm tall.
Use a fork or your hand to gently pull them up—don’t yank or you might break the tops.
- Post-Harvest Tips
Rinse off soil gently.
Trim roots and any damaged outer leaves.
Store in a cool place. They can last up to a week in the fridge or longer if wrapped in damp paper towels.
If you’re selling them, bundle in groups of 5–10 for market. Presentation makes a difference.
Extra Tips
Succession planting: Sow new rows every 2–3 weeks for a continuous harvest.
Intercropping: They grow well alongside carrots, lettuce, and beets.
Container friendly: Spring onions do well in pots, even on a balcony.
Final Thoughts
Spring onions are beginner-friendly, fast-growing, and profitable on a small scale. Whether you’re feeding your family or selling at the market, they’re a smart addition to any garden.
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